by Atisha Dipamkarashrijnana (982-1054)
Homage to the Bodhisattva, the youthful Manjushri.
1 I pay homage with great respect
To all the Victorious Ones of the three times,
To their teaching and to those who aspire to virtue.
Urged by the good disciple Jangchup Wö,
I shall illuminate the lamp
For the path to enlightenment.
2 Understand there are three kinds of persons
Because of their small, middling and supreme capacities.
I shall write clearly distinguishing
Their individual characteristics.
3 Know that those who by whatever means
Seek for themselves no more
Than the pleasures of cyclic existence
Are persons of the least capacity.
4 Those who seek peace for themselves alone,
Turning their back on worldly pleasures
And avoiding destructive actions
Are said to be of middling capacity.
5 Those who, through their personal suffering,
Truly want to end completely
All the suffering of others
Are persons of supreme capacity.
6 For those excellent living beings,
Who desire supreme enlightenment,
I shall explain the perfect methods
Taught by the spiritual teachers.
7 Facing paintings, statues and so forth
Of the completely enlightened one,
Reliquaries and the excellent teaching,
Offer flowers, incense — whatever you have.
8 With the seven part offering
From the [Prayer of] Noble Conduct,
And with the thought never to turn back
Till you gain ultimate enlightenment;
9 With strong faith in the Three Jewels,
Kneeling with one knee on the ground
And your hands pressed together,
First of all take refuge three times.
10 Next, beginning with an attitude
Of love for all living creatures,
Consider beings, excluding none,
Suffering in the three bad rebirths –
Suffering birth, death and so forth.
11 Then, since you want to free these beings
From the suffering of pain,
From suffering and the causes of suffering,
Arouse immutably the resolve
To attain enlightenment.
12 The qualities of developing
Such an aspiration are
Fully explained by Maitreya
In the Array of Trunks Sutra.
13 Having learned about the infinite benefits
Of the intention to gain full enlightenment
By reading this sutra or listening to a teacher,
Arouse it repeatedly to make it steadfast.
14 The Sutra Requested by Viradatta
Fully explains the merit therein.
At this point, in summary,
I will cite just three verses.
15 If it possessed physical form,
The merit of the altruistic intention
Would completely fill the whole of space
And exceed even that.
16 If someone were to fill with jewels
As many Buddha fields, as there are grains
Of sand in the Ganges,
To offer to the Protector of the World,
17 This would be surpassed by
The gift of folding one’s hands
And inclining one’s mind to enlightenment,
For such is limitless.
18 Having developed the aspiration for enlightenment,
Constantly enhance it through concerted effort.
To remember it in this and also in other lives,
Keep the precepts properly as explained.
19 Without the vow of the engaged intention,
Perfect aspiration will not grow.
Make effort definitely to take it,
Since you want the wish
For enlightenment to grow,
20 Those who maintain any of the seven
Kinds of individual liberation vow,
Have the ideal [prerequisite] for
The Bodhisattva vow, not others.
21 The Tathagata spoke of seven kinds
Of individual liberation vow.
The best of these is glorious pure conduct,
Said to be the vow of a fully ordained person.
22 According to the ritual described in
The chapter on discipline in the Bodhisattva Stages,
Take the vow from a good
And well qualified spiritual teacher.
23 Understand that a good spiritual teacher
Is one skilled in the vow ceremony,
Who lives by the vow and has
The confidence and compassion to bestow it.
24 However, in case you try but cannot
Find such a spiritual teacher,
I shall explain another
Correct procedure for taking the vow.
25 I shall write here very clearly,
As explained in the Ornament
Of Manjushri’s Buddha Land Sutra,
How, long ago, when Manjushri
Was Ambaraja, he aroused
The intention to become enlightened.
26 “In the presence of the protectors,
I arouse the intention to gain full enlightenment.
I invite all beings as my guests
And shall free them from cyclic existence.
27 “From this moment onwards
Until I attain enlightenment,
I shall not harbour harmful thoughts,
Anger, avarice or envy.
28 “I shall cultivate pure conduct,
Give up wrong-doing and desire
And with joy in the vow of discipline
Train myself to follow the Buddhas.
28 “I shall cultivate pure conduct,
Give up wrong-doing and desire
And with joy in the vow of discipline
Train myself to follow the Buddhas.
30 “I shall purify limitless
Inconceivable lands
And remain in the ten directions
For all those who call my name.
31 “I shall purify all my bodily
And my verbal forms of activity.
My mental activities, too, I shall purify
And do nothing that is non-virtuous.”
32 When those observing the vow
Of the active intention have trained well
In the three forms of discipline, their respect
For these three forms of discipline grows,
Which causes purity of body, speech and mind.
33 Therefore, through effort in the vow made by
Bodhisattvas for pure, full enlightenment,
The collections for complete enlightenment
Will be thoroughly accomplished.
34 All Buddhas say the cause for the completion
Of the collections, whose nature is
Merit and exalted wisdom,
Is the development of higher perceptions.
35 Just as a bird with undeveloped
Wings cannot fly in the sky,
Those without the power of higher perception
Cannot work for the good of living beings.
36 The merit gained in a single day
By one who possesses higher perception
Cannot be gained even in a hundred lifetimes
By one without such higher perception.
37 Those who want swiftly to complete
The collections for full enlightenment,
Will accomplish higher perception
Through effort, not through laziness.
38 Without the attainment of calm abiding,
Higher perception will not occur.
Therefore make repeated effort
To accomplish calm abiding.
39 While the conditions for calm abiding
Are incomplete, meditative stabilization
Will not be accomplished, even if one meditates
Strenuously for thousands of years.
40 Thus maintaining well the conditions
Mentioned in the Collection for
Meditative Stabilization Chapter,
Place the mind on any one
Virtuous focal object.
41 When the practitioner has gained calm abiding,
Higher perceptions will also be gained,
But without practice of the perfection of wisdom,
The obstructions will not come to an end.
42 Thus, to eliminate all obstructions
To liberation and omniscience,
The practitioner should continually cultivate
The perfection of wisdom with skilful means.
43 Wisdom without skilful means
And skilful means, too, without wisdom
Are referred to as bondage.
Therefore do not give up either.
44 To eliminate doubts concerning
What is wisdom and what skilful means,
I shall make clear the difference
Between skilful means and wisdom.
45 Apart from the perfection of wisdom,
All virtuous practices such as
The perfection of giving are described
As skilful means by the Victorious Ones.
46 Whoever, under the influence of familiarity
With skilful means, cultivates wisdom
Will quickly attain enlightenment —
Not just by meditating on selflessness.
47 Understanding emptiness of inherent existence,
Through realizing the aggregates, constituents
And the sources are not produced
Is described as wisdom.
48 Something existent cannot be produced,
Nor something non-existent, like a sky flower.
These errors are both absurd and thus
Both of the two will not occur either.
49 A thing is not produced from itself,
Nor from another, also not from both,
Nor causelessly either, thus it does not
Exist inherently by way of its own entity.
50 Moreover, when all phenomena are examined
As to whether they are one or many,
They are not seen to exist
By way of their own entity,
And thus are ascertained
As not inherently existent.
51 The reasoning of the Seventy Stanzas on Emptiness,
The Treatise on the Middle Way and so forth
Explain that the nature of all things
Is established as emptiness.
52 Since there are a great many passages,
I have not cited them here,
But have explained just their conclusions
For the purpose of meditation.
53 Thus, whatever is meditation
On selflessness, by not observing
An inherent nature in phenomena,
Is the cultivation of wisdom.
54 Just as wisdom does not see
An inherent nature in phenomena,
Having analysed wisdom itself by reasoning,
Meditate on that non-conceptually.
55 The nature of this worldly existence,
Which has come from conceptualization,
Is conceptuality, thus the elimination of
Conceptuality is the highest state of nirvana.
56 Therefore the Subduer also has said
That the great ignorance of conceptuality
Makes us fall into the ocean of cyclic existence.
Resting in non-conceptual stabilization,
Space-like non-conceptuality manifests clearly.
57 The Retention Mantra Engaging in
Non-conceptual Realization says that when
Bodhisattvas non-conceptually contemplate
This excellent teaching, they will transcend
Conceptuality, so hard to overcome,
And eventually reach the non-conceptual state.
58 Having ascertained through scripture
And through reasoning that phenomena
Are not produced nor inherently existent,
Meditate without conceptuality.
59 Having, thus, meditated on suchness,
Eventually, after reaching “heat” and so forth,
The “very joyful” and the others
Are attained and, before long,
The enlightened state of Buddhahood.
60 If you wish to create with ease
The collections for enlightenment
Through activities of pacification,
Increase and so forth, gained by the power of mantra,
61 And also through the force of the eight
And other great attainments like the “good pot”–
If you want to practise secret mantra,
As explained in the action and performance tantras,
62 Then, to receive the preceptor initiation,
You must please an excellent spiritual teacher
Through service, valuable gifts and the like
As well as through obedience.
63 Through full bestowal of the preceptor initiation
By a spiritual teacher who is pleased,
You are purified of all wrong-doing
And become fit to gain powerful attainments.
64 Because the Great Tantra of the Primordial Buddha
Forbids it emphatically,
Those observing pure conduct should not
Take the secret and wisdom initiations.
65 If those observing the austere practice of pure conduct
Were to hold these initiations,
Their vow of austerity would be impaired
Through doing that which is proscribed.
66 This creates transgressions which are a defeat
For those observing discipline.
Since they are certain to fall to a bad rebirth,
They will never gain accomplishments.
67 There is no fault if one who has received
The preceptor initiation and has knowledge
Of suchness listens to or explains the tantras
And performs burnt offering rituals,
Or makes offerings of gifts and so forth.
68 I, the Elder Dipamkarashri, having seen it
Explained in sutra and in other teachings,
Have made this concise explanation
At the request of Jangchup Wö.